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斯坦福研究：22~25 岁职场新人受 AI 冲击最大，高等教育可缓冲影响_我的网站

A |     The Baltic Sea will become an “internal basin” of the NATO bloc after Finland and Sweden join the alliance, with every country bordering the sea barring Russia and its exclave of Kaliningrad to be part of the alliance, Polish President Andrzej Duda has boasted.,“The Baltic sea is essentially poised to become NATO’s internal basin. Two very powerful nations with a long and strong military tradition will become part of NATO soon, extending the Russia-NATO border by 1,400 kilometers, which is no doubt bad news for Russian authorities,” Duda said during a meeting of Poland’s security council on Monday.,Expressing hope that Finland and Sweden are accepted quickly and that their membership is ratified by NATO’s 30 members, Duda stressed that there was “no need for an explanation on how important this decision is for us.”,Late last week, Russian deputy foreign minister Alexander Grushko called the push to incorporate the pair of Nordic countries into the Western alliance “one of the saddest episodes in the evolution” of Europe’s security architecture, and warned that Moscow will be forced to beef up its defenses to compensate for new threats.,“This will severely worsen the military situation in the Baltic Sea region, which, as a result of NATO’s expansion…would be turned into an arena if not of military confrontation, then completely unnecessary military rivalry,” Grushko said.,Russian President Vladimir Putin warned last Wednesday that although Moscow does not have the same type of “problems with Sweden and Finland” as it does with Ukraine, the two countries “should plainly and clearly realize that [while] there were no threats before, now, if military contingents and infrastructure are deployed there, [Russia] will have to respond in a mirror fashion.”,Mayor of Finland's Border Town Mulls Placing NATO Base Directly on Russia's Doorstep3 July, 12:48 GMT,Finland and Sweden completed accession talks at NATO headquarters in Brussels on Monday, with the bloc indicating in a statement that “both countries formally confirmed their willingness and ability to meet the political, legal and military obligations and commitments of NATO membership.” Allies are due to sign accession protocols on Tuesday, after which they will go out to all 30 member countries for ratification.,The pair of Nordic nations broke with generations of neutrality by announcing their bids for NATO membership this spring after Russia began its military operation in Ukraine. Until now, Sweden had maintained strict bloc neutrality since the 19th century, and has not taken part in any large-scale war in Europe since 1814. Finland became neutral at the start of the Cold War, and continued this policy for decades after 1991.,Swedish PM Refuses to Say if Stockholm Will Deport Kurds Wanted in Turkey as Part of NATO DealYesterday, 11:38 GMT,The countries’ neutrality did not prevent them from leaning in NATO’s direction after the collapse of the USSR and the Eastern bloc. They joined the Western alliance’s ‘Partnership for Peace’ program in 1994, and took part in the US-led occupation of Afghanistan, as well as 'peacekeeping' operations in the Serbian breakaway region of Kosovo after 1999. Both countries’ armies, navies and air forces also regularly take part in NATO-led military exercises in the region.,The planned incorporation of Finland and Sweden into NATO is the latest round of the bloc’s eastward push. Since 1990 and Secretary of State James Baker’s famous “not one inch east” promise to Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, the Western bloc has undergone three major waves of eastward expansion, swallowing up the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland in 1999, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and the Baltic states in 2004, and Albania, Croatia, Montenegro and North Macedonia between 2009 and 2020. After Finland and Sweden’s accession, there will be just nine countries in Europe, Russia included, that are not part of the US-led North Atlantic alliance.,German Lawmaker Reveals How NATO Fooled Gorbachev About Bloc’s Eastward Expansion Plans31 January 2020, 16:43 GMT。     8 月 26 日消息，斯坦福数字经济实验室于 8 月 12 日更新论文，依托薪资服务商 ADP 覆盖数百万美国劳动者的高频薪资数据，揭示生成式 AI 普及后劳动力市场的真实变化，报告提示，应届与初入职场的年轻人正承受 AI 带来的最直接冲击。研究报告指出从整体来看，并未发现全美范围大规模岗位被 AI 替代的证据，严重冲击了年轻人的“第一梯级”就业。该报告指出在软件开发和客服等高影响职业中，相比较受人工智能影响较小的领域，22-25 岁年轻人的就业率落后约 19%，而 2025 年差距仅为 13%。与之对比，同一岗位的资深从业者没有出现同等就业缺口，就业保持平稳甚至有所上升。该研究认为入门级员工更容易受到冲击的部分原因，在于这些岗位依赖大量“编码化知识”。编码化知识指能够通过教育、教材或书面流程传授的正式、标准化、文档化知识。这类知识通常有明确规则，人工智能更容易参与或替代相关工作。对于 22 至 25 岁的年轻人来说，可以通过人工智能“自动化”的职业，其入门级就业率正大幅下降。对于人工智能仅起到“辅助”作用的工作岗位，入门级就业形势则要复杂得多。与之相对，默会知识（Tacit Knowledge）主要通过实践、导师指导以及反复接触真实场景获得。研究人员认为，人工智能在这类工作中更可能辅助经验丰富的员工，无法直接取代其经验判断。研究还显示，高等教育可以缓冲人工智能对就业的影响。附上参考地址广告声明：文内含有的对外跳转链接（包括不限于超链接、二维码、口令等形式），用于传递更多信息，节省甄选时间，结果仅供参考，包含外链的文章均包含本声明。

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